{"id":3557,"date":"2015-08-14T16:07:27","date_gmt":"2015-08-14T10:37:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.bedandchai.com\/?p=3557"},"modified":"2015-09-17T11:50:11","modified_gmt":"2015-09-17T06:20:11","slug":"obesity-in-india-state-of-crisis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.bedandchai.com\/fr\/obesity-in-india-state-of-crisis\/","title":{"rendered":"Ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 en Inde : \u00e9tat de crise"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u2019Inde compte aujourd\u2019hui pr\u00e8s de 1,3 milliards d\u2019habitants. Elle est le deuxi\u00e8me pays le plus peupl\u00e9 du monde. Sa population repr\u00e9sente actuellement 17,5% de la population mondiale et les d\u00e9mographes estiment qu\u2019elle devrait d\u00e9passer la Chine d\u2019ici 2025. Contrairement aux pr\u00e9visions malthusiennes pessimistes, en vogue dans les ann\u00e9es 1970 et 1980, l’augmentation de la population n\u2019a pas d\u00e9bouch\u00e9 sur des famines ou sur un d\u00e9sastre \u00e9conomique et social. Contre toutes attentes, le r\u00e9cent boum d\u00e9mographique, combin\u00e9 au d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique du sous-continent indien, a entra\u00een\u00e9 une explosion de l\u2019ob\u00e9sit\u00e9. L\u2019ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 est devenue en l\u2019espace de quelques ann\u00e9es un probl\u00e8me sanitaire prioritaire pour le gouvernement indien.<\/p>\n

\"r\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne inqui\u00e8te le gouvernement indien. Les chiffres que l\u2019on dispose sur l\u2019ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 en Inde sont des plus alarmants. Le diab\u00e8te de type 2 est la complication de l\u2019ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 la plus r\u00e9pandue dans le monde. Depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es, l\u2019Inde d\u00e9tient le plus grand nombre de diab\u00e9tiques au monde, soit plus de 51 millions personnes touch\u00e9es par l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie. Le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne devrait gonfler de plus de 150% au cours des deux prochaines d\u00e9cennies. Le foyer de cette \u00e9pid\u00e9mie se situe principalement dans les grandes m\u00e9tropoles indiennes et New Delhi en serait le c\u0153ur. Selon des statisticiens, 76% des habitantes de la capitale souffriraient de surpoids. Par ailleurs, plus d\u2019un tiers des enfants de 15 \u00e0 18 ans vivant en ville souffrent d\u2019une forme d\u2019ob\u00e9sit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\"No<\/a><\/p>\n

L\u2019ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 indienne est le produit d\u2019une s\u00e9rie de causes. En lien avec le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique de la dixi\u00e8me puissance mondiale, l\u2019urbanisation, la migration des campagnes vers les villes et l\u2019\u00e9mergence d\u2019une vaste classe moyenne ont largement contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019explosion du ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne.<\/p>\n

\"Slike_Indija_Sikkim_8_velika\"<\/p>\n

En Inde, de 1985 \u00e0 2008, la pr\u00e9valence du diab\u00e8te est pass\u00e9e de 5% \u00e0 20% dans les zones urbaines. L\u2019urbanisation est la cons\u00e9quence directe du d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique du pays. Ce d\u00e9veloppement, qui s\u2019est accompagn\u00e9 d\u2019une occidentalisation des modes de vie, a ouvert aux enseignes de la restauration rapide les portes du pays. Les fast food<\/em> quadrillent d\u00e9sormais les grandes agglom\u00e9rations indiennes. Cela refl\u00e8te ind\u00e9niablement le succ\u00e8s de la \u00ab\u00a0mal bouffe\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

La migration participe aussi au ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne. Les villes indiennes connaissent une croissance d\u00e9mographique importante, aliment\u00e9e \u00e0 30% par les flux migratoires provenant des zones rurales. Ces populations en qu\u00eate d\u2019un emploi vont s\u2019adapter \u00e0 un nouveau mode de vie et de consommation\u00a0(alimentation plus grasse et beaucoup moins riche qu\u2019en campagne, manque d\u2019exercice physique). Nous avons remarqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Delhi que tr\u00e8s peu de personnes empruntent les trottoirs pour se d\u00e9placer. En v\u00e9rit\u00e9, tr\u00e8s peu de personnes utilisent simplement leurs jambes pour se d\u00e9placer.<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9mergence d\u2019une large classe moyenne indienne contribue \u00e9galement au probl\u00e8me d\u2019ob\u00e9sit\u00e9. La classe moyenne indienne a adopt\u00e9 les us et coutumes alimentaires occidentales. Pour une grande partie de ces indiens, les rondeurs sont le signe d\u2019une position sociale \u00e9lev\u00e9e et confortable, loin de celle des populations d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es et des castes inf\u00e9rieures.<\/p>\n

Selon certains chercheurs, il y aurait finalement une raison g\u00e9n\u00e9tique \u00e0 ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne. Les indiens auraient d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 un g\u00e8ne \u00e9conome leur permettant de stocker la graisse. Combin\u00e9 \u00e0 la r\u00e9volution des modes de consommation, ce g\u00e8ne serait l\u2019une des causes principales de la prise de poids des indiens.<\/p>\n

Le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne d\u2019ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 a de terribles r\u00e9percussions. C\u2019est une catastrophe pour la sant\u00e9 publique ainsi que pour les finances publiques. En 2010, l’Inde aurait d\u00e9pens\u00e9 27,6 milliards d’euros en d\u00e9penses publiques. Les d\u00e9penses s\u2019appliquent d\u00e9sormais aussi bien au niveau de la Sant\u00e9 que de l\u2019Education. Des campagnes de sensibilisations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9es mais l\u2019effort est \u00e0 maintenir.<\/p>\n

\"1373275643_En-Inde-800-millions-de-personnes-vont-pouvoir-se-nourrir-pour-quelques-centimes-d-euros_grand\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Cette crise sanitaire fait de l\u2019Inde un cas particulier. La situation est paradoxale, partag\u00e9e entre une sous-nutrition massive et une ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 croissante. Le r\u00e9sultat est des plus paradoxal : une population jeune dans laquelle un cinqui\u00e8me est atteint d’ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 et de diab\u00e8te, alors qu’un tiers meurt litt\u00e9ralement de faim. L\u2019ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 n\u2019est pas un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne propre \u00e0 l\u2019Inde mais inh\u00e9rent \u00e0 une grande partie des pays de l\u2019h\u00e9misph\u00e8re sud. Les pays \u00e9mergents n\u2019ont pas toujours r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 garder une certaine distance vis-\u00e0-vis du consum\u00e9risme occidentale. Ils ont, pour beaucoup d\u2019entre eux, adopt\u00e9 tr\u00e8s facilement le pli de la consommation de masse. En terme d\u2019ob\u00e9sit\u00e9, le Mexique a d\u00e9pass\u00e9 depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es le royaume de Ronald McDonald. Esp\u00e9rons que l\u2019Inde ne connaitra pas le m\u00eame sort\u00a0!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u2019Inde compte aujourd\u2019hui pr\u00e8s de 1,3 milliards d\u2019habitants. Elle est le deuxi\u00e8me pays le plus peupl\u00e9 du monde. Sa population repr\u00e9sente actuellement 17,5% de la population mondiale et les d\u00e9mographes estiment qu\u2019elle devrait d\u00e9passer la Chine d\u2019ici 2025. Contrairement aux pr\u00e9visions malthusiennes pessimistes, en vogue dans les ann\u00e9es 1970 et 1980, l’augmentation de la population […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":3560,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[651,631,4,1],"tags":[670,669,666,667,92,665,668],"class_list":{"0":"post-3557","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-advice-information","8":"category-gastronomy","9":"category-traveling-tips","10":"category-practical-information","11":"tag-consumerism","12":"tag-famine","13":"tag-fast-food","14":"tag-health","15":"tag-india","16":"tag-obesity","17":"tag-paradox","18":"czr-hentry"},"yoast_head":"\nOb\u00e9sit\u00e9 en Inde : \u00e9tat de crise - Bed & Cha\u00ef Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.bedandchai.com\/obesity-in-india-state-of-crisis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 en Inde : \u00e9tat de crise - Bed & Cha\u00ef Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"L\u2019Inde compte aujourd\u2019hui pr\u00e8s de 1,3 milliards d\u2019habitants. Elle est le deuxi\u00e8me pays le plus peupl\u00e9 du monde. Sa population repr\u00e9sente actuellement 17,5% de la population mondiale et les d\u00e9mographes estiment qu\u2019elle devrait d\u00e9passer la Chine d\u2019ici 2025. 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